CHICAGO — A limited-edition theme night sparked an unexpected craze. The Chicago White Sox, after hearing from their fans, decided to expand a pope-themed hat giveaway to every person in the ballpark. The result? A crowd of 38,113 for a Tuesday night game against the Cincinnati Reds, with the team handing out hats shaped like the Pope's mitre and featuring the team's sock logo. The tribute to Pope Leo X, a Chicago native and longtime White Sox fan, helped push the club's season attendance to 1,460,383, surpassing its total of 1,445,738 for all of 2024.

Brooks Boyer, Chicago's chief revenue and marketing officer, described the fan reaction: "When things go bananas, that's when it gets really fun." The team leaned into the theme with signs reading "LEO KNOWS MONEY" and "LEO KNOWS KONERKO," referencing current first baseman Muneetaka Murakami and former slugger Paul Konerko. Sister Mary Jo Sobieck threw a ceremonial first pitch, and former White Sox pitcher Donn "The Pope" Pall kicked off the game with the "play ball" announcement.

Edward Lopez, a 58-year-old truck driver from the south side of Chicago, attended the game alone because his girlfriend couldn't make it. He went through two different gates to secure two pope hats. "It was worth it," he said.

The White Sox's promotions are vetted by a committee led by senior director of marketing and promotions Mike Downey. They brainstorm ideas, review samples from vendors, and carefully consider religious sensitivities. "We haven't done items that would be Pope Leo's likeness," Boyer explained. "We wouldn't do that without the permission of the Vatican. There is a little bit of nuance and finesse that needs to be done."

Across MLB, creativity is the name of the game. The Texas Rangers gave away a Nolan Ryan bloody lip jersey, while the New York Mets handed out fake glasses and mustaches for a Bobby Valentine Disguise Night. Bobbleheads remain popular, but with a twist: the Texas Rangers offered a Brandon Nimmo Bull Riding bobblehead, and the Athletics had a butter-churning Nick Kurtz "Big Amish" bobblehead. The Brewers distributed 25,000 bar dice sets to fans 21 and over on a Saturday, drawing a crowd of 40,225.

Meagan Hermosillo, director of marketing and promotions for the Arizona Diamondbacks, noted the shift: "I definitely think across the league, there's been an increase in demand and desire, and even necessity, to do things that are outside of the box. For us, we can't really do a standard bobblehead or a standard anything. It has to have some kind of unique factor if we want it to move the needle."

Other teams are jumping on cultural moments. The Baltimore Orioles handed out a Tupac Shakur bobblehead in May. The New York Yankees gave out a "KPop Demon Hunters" bobblehead on Tuesday night and have a George Costanza calzone bobblehead—paying tribute to a 1996 "Seinfeld" episode—coming up on August 27. Every MLB team except Toronto had a Star Wars Night this season.

Jim Stroud, an associate dean and professor at Ohio University's College of Business, sees targeting at work: "When I think of the 'Seinfeld' one, I'm thinking they're targeting Gen X, they are targeting some younger baby boomers to try to get out to the ballpark."

Lauren Anderson, director of the Warsaw Sports Business Center at the University of Oregon, describes the "collector chase game." Fans want something unique and limited, often flipping items on eBay. At Tuesday's White Sox game, multiple fans sought to buy additional pope hats, and several listings for the giveaway and the Yankees' "KPop Demon Hunters" bobblehead appeared on eBay the following day.

"You want something that's unique and cool and something that you can—I'm one of 5,000 people to get these, I'm one of 10,000," Anderson said. "There is also a bit of the game of people want something that's limited so they can flip it and sell it, like on an eBay."

The pitch clock and other innovative rules introduced by MLB in 2023 are often credited with spurring fan interest. But the long lines and sometimes astronomical resale prices on eBay show what a clever giveaway can do for ticket sales. The White Sox, for example, are also handing out wooden domino sets to 10,000 fans on August 22 and magic wands to 20,000 fans on September 4, a nod to the viral wand-waving dugout displays of injured reliever Mike Vasil.

Boyer summed up the philosophy: "We've always looked to have our giveaways be something that we know people would wear or use or value because it adds value to the ticket. So it starts with that."