The online dating industry is undergoing a fundamental transformation. For over a decade, platforms like Tinder and Bumble prioritized volume: more profiles, more swipes, and more messages, believing that scale would eventually lead to real connections. Now, the biggest players are betting that the next era will be about showing users fewer options and getting them offline faster. This shift is driven by Gen Z, who grew up with dating apps as a given but are increasingly frustrated by endless choices and conversations that never materialize into dates.

Bumble founder and CEO Whitney Wolfe Herd signaled the change on an August 5 earnings call, describing a move away from “optimizing for swipe speed and velocity” toward “something more intentional, fewer, better, and more considered signals.” Match Group CEO Spencer Rascoff, speaking a day earlier, highlighted Tinder’s Events tab, which lists local activities like trivia nights and ceramic classes. The feature expanded to 10 cities in the U.S. and Europe since March, with a target of 75 by year-end. During a pilot in Los Angeles, 71% of eligible 18- to 24-year-old users engaged with the tab, and more than half returned the following week.

The industry’s urgency is clear from the numbers. Match Group, owner of Tinder and Hinge, reported 13.3 million paying users at the end of Q2, a 6% drop from the prior year. Tinder’s monthly active users fell 7%. Bumble saw paying users decline 16.4% to 3.2 million. Both companies are raising subscription prices to compensate. Global dating app downloads have fallen for six consecutive years since peaking in 2019, and category revenue slipped to about $6.07 billion in 2023, according to Business of Apps.

Kathryn Coduto, an assistant professor of media science at Boston University who studies dating apps, told Fortune that the swipe mechanic was designed to keep users engaged. “When you open an app, they want you to keep swiping. That’s how they’re getting your attention,” she said. The cost shows up after matches: users burn out from dead ends, unreturned messages, and conversations that lead nowhere. Liesel Sharabi, an associate professor at Arizona State University and director of its Relationships and Technology Lab, sees a problem of too much choice. “It becomes a game of quantity over quality,” she said. For Gen Z, dating culture is dating-app culture, but that doesn’t mean they are abandoning apps entirely. Coduto noted that younger users still have the highest usage rates, but they also seek out in-person experiences, using apps and offline events in tandem.

Bumble is already reworking its mechanics. On August 11, it dropped its signature requirement that women initiate heterosexual matches, extended the reply window from 24 to 72 hours, and began nudging users who send one-word openers to try again. An internal 2024 survey of 2,267 women on Bumble in the U.S. found that 66% preferred men to initiate. Coduto suggested that improving conversation starters, like Hinge’s prompts, could be more effective than changing who starts the chat. Her research also shows that users often send generic openers themselves while criticizing others for doing the same.

The companies are investing in real-world connections. Bumble is testing a standalone app called Plans for curated in-person events, with the ability to match with attendees afterward. Wolfe Herd described it as “meet first, match later.” Tinder’s Events tab is a similar bet. AI is also entering the picture. Bumble is building an AI system called Bee, which learns users’ values and goals through private conversations and recommends matches with explanations. However, Wolfe Herd emphasized that Bee is not replacing the swipe. “We are not aiming for an AI-driven experience. Bee is simply the intelligence under the hood,” she said.

Hinge, which has long deemphasized swiping in favor of prompts, is thriving. Its direct revenue grew 22% to $203.5 million last quarter, paying users rose 17%, and monthly active users increased 13%. Match Group expects Hinge to reach $1 billion in annual revenue by 2027. Tinder’s direct revenue slipped 1% to $457.5 million, though its daily active user decline narrowed to 4%. Bumble is struggling: Q2 revenue fell 15.2% to $210.5 million, and paying users dropped 16.4%. The company expects another double-digit decline in Q3. Coduto believes Hinge has already delivered on many of the promises Bumble is now chasing. “I think Hinge delivered on more of the promises that Bumble made,” she said. Bumble’s new approach won’t fully materialize until early 2027, due to a platform overhaul delay, while competitors move faster.

Sharabi summed up the challenge: dating apps solved how to expand the pool; narrowing it is the next frontier. “That’s the million-dollar question,” she said.