Amazon Web Services is making a strategic bet on Japan as its top Asia executive packs his bags for Tokyo. Jaime Valles, AWS’s managing director for Asia-Pacific, Japan, and China, is relocating to the country at a time when Tokyo is racing to drag its aging IT infrastructure into the modern era. For AWS, Japan’s potential for artificial intelligence adoption makes it far more compelling than its sluggish headline GDP growth would suggest.

“Japan is in a moment of change,” Valles said from the company’s Singapore office. “AI, security and competition are three strong reasons for Japanese companies to move from a traditional mainframe-based platform to the cloud.” The urgency is real. Japan’s government has warned that if it fails to modernize its creaking systems—a scenario it labels a looming “digital cliff”—the economy could lose as much as $76 billion every year.

This is a country that once led the world in technological innovation, from LEDs to lithium-ion batteries to notebook computers. But corporate culture shifted toward caution, rewarding risk aversion over disruptive breakthroughs. The World Economic Forum links this trend to a deep cultural fear of failure. “The technology posture Japan has today is still very based on traditional, legacy on-premise technology,” Valles noted. “Even if you go deep into Japan, most of the support, enablement, applications and technology is run by four local companies: Hitachi, NEC, Fujitsu and NTT Data.”

That conservative mindset has left Japan trailing its neighbors in the AI boom. China has surged ahead in humanoid robots and open-source AI models, while Taiwan and South Korea’s chipmakers anchor global AI hardware supply chains. Japan remains a major producer of legacy and specialized automotive chips, materials, and equipment, but it lags in advanced logic chips. Last year, the government launched an ambitious plan to funnel $2.3 trillion in public and private investment into 17 strategic sectors by 2040. Semiconductors get the largest slice—$426 billion—while physical AI, which encompasses robotics and autonomous systems, receives $66 billion.

“With AI development moving so fast, Japan can’t afford to fall behind,” Digital Minister Hisashi Matsumoto warned during a June press briefing. “I hope many Japanese people understand that we need to press ahead with AI development, or we’ll end up becoming an AI colony.” For Valles, this renewed technological push creates a golden opportunity for cloud providers. “AI allows individuals to make their ideas happen without support from anyone, as long as they have the right data platform, security posture, and reliable systems—all of which we provide,” he said. “With that in place, you’re going to have new ideas from multiple people within companies.”

Valles knows a thing or two about building from scratch. Before moving to Asia, he spent nearly a decade growing AWS’s Latin American business from a tiny office in Brazil. “AWS Latin America did not exist,” he recalled. “There was an opportunity to build something from zero, and actually try new ideas.” Under his leadership, AWS opened edge locations in Argentina, Chile, and Colombia, and in 2022 announced plans for 30 new “AWS Local Zones” offering infrastructure, storage, and database services. His leadership philosophy centers on hiring people “bigger and better” than himself and giving them the freedom to experiment. “The regions are different but at the end of the day, people are people, and culture is culture,” Valles explained. “It’s about bringing on the best leaders, listening to them, and having a mindset that allows you to continuously learn from them.”

Valles moved to Singapore in 2023 to lead AWS’s APAC operations. He is bullish on the region, calling it the “land of innovation.” “In my view, the future is going to be built and exported from Asia,” he said. “That’s for multiple reasons, including the region’s diversity, the learning agility of its people, its mix of developing and developed nations, and its continuous drive for innovation.” AWS has been pouring investment into the region, adding four new data center clusters in Malaysia, Thailand, New Zealand, and Taiwan over the past 18 months. “The decision to invest in each of these regions was driven by customer feedback,” Valles explained. “We’re hearing from local governments and companies that they need computing power to drive innovation in education, health and other domains.” He added that as companies shift from AI training to inference, they need cloud regions close by to reduce latency and operational delays.

AWS is also tailoring its offerings to each market. In India, where software engineering is a core pillar of the economy, the company focuses on uplifting developers. Last August, it launched the AI-driven development life cycle methodology in Bengaluru. In Japan, Valles emphasized that the firm provides enterprise support in Japanese for mission-critical applications. “We have Japanese language enterprise support to help our Japanese customers in mission critical applications,” he said, noting that even one or two minutes of downtime in Japan would “already require an apology from the CEO.”

At his core, Valles remains an AI optimist. “We’re at such an inflection point in the industry,” he concluded. “I’m totally convinced that AI is going to allow us to build a new future, and completely transform everything that we see.”