GRAND FORKS — A trade war between the United States and Canada is now fully underway, and the economic strain is beginning to show. The U.S. imposed 50 percent tariffs on $20 billion worth of Canadian goods after late-week negotiations between the two longtime allies broke down. The targeted products include cement, wood, dairy, and honey, all subject to President Trump's use of Section 338 tariffs—a trade weapon never before deployed. These tariffs carry no sunset clause, meaning they could persist indefinitely, and Canada has warned it will retaliate with its own tariffs on American steel and agricultural products.

David Flynn, an economics professor at the University of North Dakota, described the situation as highly volatile. "It's a really fluid situation as it stands right now," he said. Flynn noted that while the long-term effects of a sustained trade war are difficult to predict, the specific goods Canada is targeting offer clues about which sectors will feel the pain first. "If suddenly the out-of-country product costs this much extra, well, that's a price gap that the local producer, the domestic producer, can try to take advantage of. And so, quite naturally, the prices will rise," Flynn explained. He pointed to the housing industry as a likely victim: higher costs for imported lumber and cement could force home prices to stay elevated or even climb further. "So you'd expect that home prices, if not go up, would not have a real opportunity to fall, at least based on a production basis," he added.

A central point of contention in the negotiations has been the alcohol and dairy sectors. The Liquor Control Board of Ontario had sold more than $700 million worth of alcohol before eight of Canada's ten provinces imposed restrictions or outright bans on U.S. alcohol last year in response to earlier tariffs. That move, Flynn said, may ultimately hurt American shoppers. "Can I increase domestic prices here to make up some of that shortfall while I look for new markets somewhere around the world?" he asked, highlighting the dilemma faced by U.S. producers.

On the dairy front, once American companies sell a certain volume of products in Canada, much higher tariffs kick in. Shawn Arita, an economist at North Dakota State University, said the U.S. is pushing for fairer access to the Canadian market. "They want them to play fairly with these quotas and that has been certainly a sticking point for the current negotiations going on," Arita said.

Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney has announced that retaliatory tariffs on U.S. products will go into effect on Tuesday, September 8, the day after Labor Day. Meanwhile, the U.S. is also threatening economic penalties against Iran and other nations that support the country, adding another layer of tension to the global trade landscape. As the clock ticks toward September 8, businesses on both sides of the border brace for the economic fallout of a trade war that shows no signs of cooling.